Muscle relaxants use, effectiveness and side effects

Muscle relaxants are a heterogeneous group of drugs. As a class, they are structurally and pharmacologically diverse. Muscle relaxants are used to treat two different types of underlying disease:

Spasticity of upper motor neuron syndrome
Muscle pain or spasms from peripheral musculoskeletal conditions

Although muscle relaxants have by convention been in a group, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has authorized only a few classifiedDrugs in this class for the treatment of spasticity. The remainder are approved for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

Medicines classified as muscle relaxants include:

Baclofen (Lioresal)
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Chlorzoxazone (Paraflex)
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Dantrolene (Dantrium)
metaxalone (Skelaxin)
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
orphenadrine (Norflex)
Tizanidine (Zanaflex)

Muscle relaxants for the treatment ofSpasticity

Spasticity is a condition of increased muscle tone with exaggeration of tendon reflexes. Some of the common conditions and treatment with spasticity include multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, and poststroke syndrome. In many patients with these conditions, spasticity can be disabling and painful, associated with a significant impact on the functioning and quality of life.

The upper motor neuronSyndrome is a complex of signs and symptoms associated with exaggerated cutaneous reflexes, autonomic hyperreflexia, dystonia are associated, contractures, paresis, lack of dexterity and fatigability. Spasticity of upper motor neuron syndrome may be caused by many different conditions under which the cortex and spinal cord.

Only baclofen, dantrolene, and tizanidine are approved for the treatment of spasticity. There are indications that fair baclofen and tizanidine are roughly equivalent forEfficacy in patients with spasticity, but insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of dantrolene compared to baclofen or tizanidine. Tizanidine is associated with dry mouth and baclofen with more weakness.

Muscle relaxants for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

Muscle cramp is defined a sudden involuntary contraction of one or more muscle groups and is usually an acute illness associated with muscle sprain (partial tear of a muscle) or sprain (partial orcomplete rupture of a band). Common musculoskeletal conditions causing tenderness and muscle spasms include fibromyalgia, tension headaches, myofascial pain syndrome and mechanical back pain or neck pain. If muscle spasms under these conditions is present, it will be at the local factors that affected muscle groups in context.

The muscle relaxants carisoprodol, chlorzoxazone, cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone, and orphenadrine Methocarbamol are approved for the treatment ofMusculoskeletal disorders.

Clinical studies show that cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, orphenadrine, and tizanidine compared to placebo in patients with musculoskeletal conditions (primarily acute back or neck pain) are effective. Cyclobenzaprine has been evaluated in most clinical trials and has been observed repeatedly, is to be effective.

Efficacy

Most studies have shown that muscle relaxants, more effective than placebo in the treatment of acute painMusculoskeletal disorders and muscle spasms, while the efficacy was less consistent in the treatment of chronic diseases. When muscle relaxants were used alone, they were not consistently higher than simple analgesics in relieving pain. When muscle relaxants were used in combination with analgesics, pain relief is superior to an active agent are used alone. Studies suggest that these drugs are effective, have tolerable side effects and can be complementary in the treatment of painfulMusculoskeletal disorders associated with muscle cramps.

No studies have been the superior efficacy of a skeletal muscle relaxant document to another.

Side effects and adverse reactions

All muscle relaxants may cause sedation (drowsiness) vertigo.
Baclofen can cause serious central nervous system depression with cardiovascular collapse and respiratory arrest.
Dantrolene has a potential for hepatotoxicity. Open hepatitis was the most frequentlyobserved between the third and twelfth month of therapy. Risk of liver damage seems to be greater in women, in patients over 35 years and in patients, dantrolene also the other drugs.
Carisoprodol has a few options, dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
Cyclobenzaprine, closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants, causes the expected lethargy and anticholinergic side effects and toxicity in overdose and may be some in combination with others haveSubstances.
Tizanidine may cause low blood pressure, but this can by starting with a low dose and are increasing progressively controlled. This drug may rarely cause liver damage.
Methocarbamol and chlorzoxazone may be harmless color changes in urine - orange or reddish-purple with chlorzoxazone and purple, brown or green with Methocarbamol. The urine will return to its normal color when the patient stopped taking the drug.

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